Saudades de Casa, Depressão e Personalidade em Estudantes Universitários
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Data
2010
Autores
Gonçalves, Lucília Maria Carvalho
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Resumo
A entrada para o ensino superior é normalmente vista como um acontecimento
positivo por parte dos estudantes. No entanto, associado à mudança de casa e à
transição, muitos alunos desenvolvem problemas de ordem física e psicológica. As
saudades de casa são para a maioria dos estudantes uma resposta saudável e normativa à saída do ambiente familiar, contudo quando atingem níveis elevados podem tornar-se problemáticas. As saudades de casa caracterizam-se por pensamentos recorrentes com a casa e com objectos pessoais e surgem associadas a elevados níveis de solidão, depressão e problemas de ordem física.
Assim sendo, o presente estudo pretendeu compreender se a frequência com que o aluno sente saudades de casa se encontrava relacionada com o tipo de personalidade e
com a existência de sintomas depressivos.
Realizámos um estudo exploratório, no qual participaram 206 estudantes da Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Coimbra que se encontravam inscritos pela primeira vez no primeiro ano do ensino superior. Dos 206 alunos, 168 eram mulheres (81,6%) e 38 homens (18,4%), tinham idades compreendidas entre os 17 e os 37 anos, sendo a média de 18,76 anos, com um desvio padrão de 1,96. Quanto à residência, 153 (77,7%) dos estudantes estavam deslocados e 44 (22,3%)
permaneciam na residência de origem, ou seja em casa dos pais. Esta amostra foi dividida em três grupos (alunos com saudades baixas, com saudades moderadas e com saudades altas)
Na recolha dos dados sóciodemográficos e académicos utilizámos o Questionário de
Identificação e de Vida Académica (QIVA), o Eysenck Personality Inventory – Forma A, (EPI) para medir as dimensões da personalidade, o Homesickness Questionnaire
(HQ) para avaliar o nível de saudades de casa e o Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) para
identificar a sintomatologia depressiva.
Os resultados obtidos revelam que os estudantes deslocados da sua residência de
origem apresentam níveis mais altos de saudades de casa do que aqueles que permanecem junto dos familiares. Não encontrámos diferenças significativas ao
nível da personalidade nem na sintomatologia depressiva. Em relação aos três grupos de saudades, são os alunos com saudades altas que se apresentavam mais deprimidos, menos extrovertidos e menos estáveis. Verificou-se uma correlação positiva entre o Neuroticismo, a Depressão e as Saudades de Casa. Com a Extroversão a correlação foi negativa ou seja a elevados níveis de Neuroticismo corresponderam níveis baixos de Extroversão.
Considerando os resultados obtidos, é importante atender à necessidade de proporcionar bem-estar na universidade implementando medidas de apoio aos estudantes no sentido de estes lidarem eficazmente com as pressões e desafios
colocados pelo novo contexto, quer académico, quer a nível afectivo e social, de
forma a promover o seu desenvolvimento global e harmonioso. A capacidade de “se sair bem” dependerá não só de factores internos e pessoais do estudante, mas também das características da instituição de ensino superior que o acolhe. /
The beginning of higher education is usually seen as a positive event by the students. However, associated with moving out of home and the overall transition, many students develop physical and psychological problems. The homesickness is for most students a healthy answer and regulatory outside family environment. However, when they reach high levels it may become problematic. The homesickness is characterized by recurrent thoughts about of home and about personal items and appear associated with high levels of loneliness, depression and physical problems. Therefore, this study sought to understand if the frequency that the student feel homesick was related to personality type and to the presence of depressive symptoms. We conducted an exploratory study, which was attended by 206 students of the Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Coimbra, who were enrolled for the first time in the first year of higher education. Of the 206 students, 168 were women (81.6%) and 38 men (18.4%) and ranged between 17 and 37 years with a mean of 18.76 years (± 1.96) deviation of 1.96. As to residence, 153 (77.7%) of students were displaced and 44 (22.3%) remained at the home of origin, that is, at parents home. This sample was divided into three groups (students with low, high and moderate homesickness) For the sociodemographic and scholar data collection it was used the Questionnaire for the Identification and Academic Life (QIVA), the Eysenck Personality Inventory - Form A, (EPI) to measure the dimensions of personality, the Homesickness Questionnaire (HQ) to assess the level of homesickness and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to identify depressive symptoms. The results show that students displaced from their home of origin have higher levels of homesickness than those who stay with their families. We found no significant differences in personality or in depressive symptoms. For the three groups of homesickness, students with higher were more depressed, less extroverted and less stable. There was a positive correlation between neuroticism, depression and homesickness. With extroversion the correlation is a negative, that is, high levels of neuroticism accounted for low extroversion. Considering these results it is important to meet the need to promote well–being at the university by implementing measures to support these students in order to cope effectively with the pressures and challenges posed by the new academic context, both emotional and social, in order to promote their overall and harmonious development. The ability to "do well" will depend not only on personal and internal factors of the student, but also of the characteristics of higher education institution that host him.
The beginning of higher education is usually seen as a positive event by the students. However, associated with moving out of home and the overall transition, many students develop physical and psychological problems. The homesickness is for most students a healthy answer and regulatory outside family environment. However, when they reach high levels it may become problematic. The homesickness is characterized by recurrent thoughts about of home and about personal items and appear associated with high levels of loneliness, depression and physical problems. Therefore, this study sought to understand if the frequency that the student feel homesick was related to personality type and to the presence of depressive symptoms. We conducted an exploratory study, which was attended by 206 students of the Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Coimbra, who were enrolled for the first time in the first year of higher education. Of the 206 students, 168 were women (81.6%) and 38 men (18.4%) and ranged between 17 and 37 years with a mean of 18.76 years (± 1.96) deviation of 1.96. As to residence, 153 (77.7%) of students were displaced and 44 (22.3%) remained at the home of origin, that is, at parents home. This sample was divided into three groups (students with low, high and moderate homesickness) For the sociodemographic and scholar data collection it was used the Questionnaire for the Identification and Academic Life (QIVA), the Eysenck Personality Inventory - Form A, (EPI) to measure the dimensions of personality, the Homesickness Questionnaire (HQ) to assess the level of homesickness and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to identify depressive symptoms. The results show that students displaced from their home of origin have higher levels of homesickness than those who stay with their families. We found no significant differences in personality or in depressive symptoms. For the three groups of homesickness, students with higher were more depressed, less extroverted and less stable. There was a positive correlation between neuroticism, depression and homesickness. With extroversion the correlation is a negative, that is, high levels of neuroticism accounted for low extroversion. Considering these results it is important to meet the need to promote well–being at the university by implementing measures to support these students in order to cope effectively with the pressures and challenges posed by the new academic context, both emotional and social, in order to promote their overall and harmonious development. The ability to "do well" will depend not only on personal and internal factors of the student, but also of the characteristics of higher education institution that host him.
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Palavras-chave
saudades de casa - homesickness, depressão - depression, tipos de personalidade - types of personality, Eysenck Personality Inventory - Eysenck Personality Inventory, homesickness questionnaire - homesickness questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory - Beck Depression Inventory