Percorrer por autor "Carreiras, Diogo"

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    BI-REAL: a 12-session DBT skills group intervention adapted for bipolar disorder: a feasibility randomised pilot trial
    (Elsevier, 2024-04-13) Azevedo, Julieta; Swales, Michaela; Carreiras, Diogo; Guiomar, Raquel; Macedo, António; Castilho, Paula
    International guidelines endorse psychological treatment for Bipolar Disorder (BD); however, the absence of a recognised gold-standard intervention requires further research. A Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) skills group intervention with 12 sessions was developed. This pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) aims to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes variance of Bi-REAL – Respond Effectively, Assertively, and Live mindfully, tailored for individuals with BD, in preparation for a future RCT. Methods: 52 participants (female = 62.7 %; mean age = 43.2 ± 11.1) with BD were randomised by blocks to either the experimental group (EG; n = 26; Bi-REAL + Treatment as Usual, TAU) receiving 12 weekly 90-minutes sessions, or the control group (CG; n = 26, TAU). Feasibility and acceptability were assessed with a multimethod approach (qualitative interviews, semi-structured clinical interviews and a battery of self-report questionnaires – candidate main outcomes Bipolar Recovery Questionnaire (BRQ) and brief Quality of Life for Bipolar Disorder (QoL.BD)). All participants were evaluated at baseline (T0), post-intervention (T1) and 3-month follow-up (T2). Results: Acceptability was supported by participants’ positive feedback and ratings of the sessions and programme overall, as well as the treatment attendance (86.25 % of sessions attended). The trial overall retention rate was 74.5 %, with CG having a higher dropout rate across the 3-timepoints (42.31 %). A significant Time × Group interaction effect was found for BRQ and QoL.BD favouring the intervention group (p < .05). Limitations: The assessors were not blind at T1 (only at T2). Recruitment plan was impacted due to COVID-19 restrictions and replication is questionable. High attrition rates in the CG. Conclusions: The acceptability of Bi-REAL was sustained, and subsequent feasibility testing will be necessary to establish whether the retention rates of the overall trial improve and if feasibility is confirmed, before progressing to a definitive trial.
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    O Efeito da Impulsividade, Autoaversão e Autocompaixão nos Traços Borderline na Adolescência: estudo das diferenças entre sexos
    (Departamento de Investigação & Desenvolvimento, 2020-05-30) Carreiras, Diogo; Castilho, Paula; Cunha, Marina
    Contexto: A adolescência é uma etapa desenvolvimental com mudanças biológicas, psicológicas e sociais que irão influenciar o funcionamento na idade adulta. A investigação em torno das Perturbações da Personalidade, e em particular da Perturbação Borderline da Personalidade (PBP), tem cada vez mais investido no estudo de traços disfuncionais e inflexíveis em idades precoces, uma vez que é claro que uma Perturbação da Personalidade não se manifesta apenas subitamente na idade adulta. Existe uma trajetória desenvolvimental que deve ser melhor compreendida e explorada. Objetivo: Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o contributo de processos e mecanismos psicológicos, como a impulsividade, autoaversão e autocompaixão, para a compreensão dos traços borderline na adolescência. Método: Este estudo tem um desenho transversal e uma amostra constituída por 440 adolescentes da população geral (278 raparigas e 162 rapazes), com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e os 17 anos. Com recurso ao SPSS, realizaram-se testes t para amostras independentes, correlações de Pearson e regressões lineares. Resultados: As raparigas, quando comparadas com os rapazes, apresentaram níveis mais elevados de autoaversão, depressão e traços borderline e níveis mais baixos de autocompaixão. Os modelos de regressão hierárquica para testar o poder preditivo da impulsividade, autoaversão e autocompaixão nos traços borderline foram significativos, explicando 46% da variância dos traços borderline em rapazes e 58% nas raparigas, controlando o efeito da depressão. Enquanto que nas raparigas, todas as variáveis apresentaram um contributo significativo (depressão, impulsividade, autocompaixão e autoaversão), nos rapazes apenas a depressão, impulsividade e autocompaixão revelaram poder preditivo. Conclusões: Os dados desta investigação salientam variáveis essenciais para compreender os traços borderline em adolescentes, bem como as diferenças nesses mecanismos psicológicos entre raparigas e rapazes, tendo significativas implicações para a investigação e, sobretudo, para a prática clínica e prevenção.
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    Efficacy and Cost-effectiveness of an ACT and Compassion-based Intervention for Women with Breast Cancer: study protocol of two randomised controlled trials {1}
    (Springer Nature | BMC Journals, 2025-01-03) Trindade, Inês A.; Soares, Andreia; Skvarc, David; Carreiras, Diogo; Pereira, Joana; Lourenço, Óscar; Sampaio, Filipa; Sousa, Bruno de; Martins, Teresa C.; Boaventura, Paula; Marta-Simões, Joana; Mind Project Team; Moreira, Helena
    Background: Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women worldwide and carries a considerable psychosocial burden. Interventions based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and compassion-based approaches show promise in improving adjustment and quality of life in people with cancer. The Mind programme is an integrative ACT and compassion-based intervention tailored for women with breast cancer, which aims to prepare women for survivorship by promoting psychological flexibility and self-compassion. A pilot study of the Mind programme has shown acceptability and preliminary efficacy in improving quality of life and psychological health. This paper presents the study protocol of two randomised controlled trials that aim to test the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an optimised version of the Mind programme in women with breast cancer. Methods: Participants will be women diagnosed with breast cancer randomly assigned to the Mind programme or a support group intervention (active control) in a 1:1 ratio for study 1, while study 2 includes one more arm (treatment as usual; inactive control) and a 2:2:1 ratio. Both interventions will be delivered weekly via an 8-session face-to-face or online group format. Data will be collected at baseline, post-treatment and 6-month follow-up. The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the two interventions will be assessed. Treatment outcomes will comprise cancer-specific quality of life (primary outcome), anxiety and depressive symptoms, psychological flexibility, self-compassion, health-related quality of life, resource use, and intervention’s acceptability and feasibility. Study 1 will also include immunological and epigenetic markers associated with breast cancer prognosis and mental health. Outcome assessors will be blind to group allocation. Statistical analyses will be conducted using an intention-to-treat approach. Analyses of moderators and mediators of change will also be performed. Discussion: These trials examine the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an integrative ACT and compassion-based intervention tailored for women with breast cancer. Greater improvements in psychosocial, biological and resource use are expected in the Mind group, when compared to the control group(s). Results will likely support the potential benefits of the Mind programme for breast cancer patients and highlight the clinical relevance of integrative and holistic interventions in oncology.
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    As Emoções à Flor da Pele: estudo de validação da escala de reatividade emocional para a população portuguesa
    (Departamento de Investigação & Desenvolvimento do Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, 2022-08-03) Santos, Fabiana; Carreiras, Diogo; Lemos, Laura; Cunha, Marina
    Contexto: A reatividade emocional está associada à apresentação de respostas afetivas intensas e prolongadas a vários estímulos, o que, por sua vez, está relacionado com mais probabilidade de experienciar sintomas psicopatológicos. Objetivo: Realizar a tradução e validação da Emotion Reativity Scale (Escala de Reatividade Emocional, ERE) para português, através do estudo das suas qualidades psicométricas, análise fatorial confirmatória, estabilidade temporal, validade convergente e divergente. Métodos: Participaram 402 adultos da população geral, 275 mulheres e 127 homens, com uma idade média de 40,01 anos (DP = 10,30). A amostra de conveniência foi recolhida online e os participantes preencheram questionários de autorresposta. Resultados: Os modelos do autor original da ERE foram testados e a versão com melhor ajustamento estatístico foi a unidimensional com sete itens (RMSEA = 0,08; CFI = 0,97; TLI = 0,95; SRMR = 0,03). O total da ERE apresentou correlações positivas com traços de personalidade borderline, sintomas depressivos, de ansiedade e de stress e correlações negativas com a qualidade de vida, o que sustentou a validade convergente e divergente da medida. Relativamente à consistência interna, a ERE de sete itens demonstrou um alfa de Cronbach de 0,91. A estabilidade temporal da medida foi comprovada pela correlação forte entre o primeiro e o segundo preenchimento da ERE quatro semanas depois. O género feminino obteve pontuações de reatividade emocional mais elevadas do que o masculino e não houve uma relação significativa entre a ERE e a idade. Conclusões: A versão portuguesa da ERE parece ser uma medida válida e fidedigna para a avaliação da reatividade emocional. Isto é relevante tanto a nível clínico como para a investigação, uma vez que esta medida permite identificar de forma precoce a predisposição dos indivíduos para sentirem as emoções de forma mais intensa, o que está associado a maior probabilidade de experienciar sintomas psicopatológicos. / Background: Emotional reactivity is associated with exhibiting intense and prolonged affective responses to several stimuli, which is related to an increased likelihood of experiencing psychopathological symptoms. Objective: To translate and validate the Emotion Reactivity Scale (ERS) to Portuguese by studying its psychometric qualities, confirmatory factor analysis, temporal stability, and convergent and divergent validity. Methods: In this study participated 402 adults from the general population, 275 women and 127 men, with a mean of 40.01 years old (SD=10.30). The convenience sample was recruited online, and participants completed self-report questionnaires. Results: The original models of theERS were tested and the unidimensional 7-item version was the one with better statistical fit (RMSEA=0.08; CFI=0.97; TLI=0.95; SRMR=0.03). The total ERS showed positive correlations with borderline personality traits, depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms and negative correlations with quality of life, sustaining convergent and divergent validity. Considering internal consistency, the 7-item ERS version presented a Cronbach's alpha of .91. Temporal stability was supported by the strong correlation between the first and second moments of completing the ERS withina 4-week interval. Females presented higher emotional reactivity scores than males, and there was no significant relationship between the ERS and age. Conclusions: The Portuguese version of the ERS seems to be a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating emotional reactivity. This is relevant at a clinical and research level because this instrument allows the early identification of the predisposition to feel emotions more intensely, which is related to an increased likelihood of experiencing psychopathological symptoms.
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    Everyday Discrimination Scale: dimensionality in a Portuguese community sample and specific versions for sexual and gender minority
    (Springer, 2023-09-18) Seabra, Daniel; Gato, Jorge; Petrocchi, Nicola; Carreiras, Diogo; Azevedo, Julieta; Martins, Luís; Salvador, Maria do Céu
    Perceived everyday discrimination is a transversal phenomenon with a negative impact on people’s health. This study aimed to explore the factor structure and psychometric properties of three versions of the Everyday Discrimination Scale, with three different samples: the European Portuguese validation (EDS-PT, considering any reason for discrimination), using a sample of adults from the community (N = 610), a specific version for sexual minority (EDS-SM), with a sample of sexual minority individuals (N = 352), and a specific version for gender minority (EDS-GM), in a sample of gender minority individuals (N = 108). Factor structure and reliability of the different versions were examined. A second-order two-factor model (Everyday discrimination with factor 1 Unfair Treatment and factor 2 Personal Rejection) presented good adjustment and adequate reliability. Furthermore, all versions of EDS revealed weak to moderate correlations with indicators of convergent validity (mental health, satisfaction with life, social safeness, and social support). This study's outcomes provide insights into different types of everyday discrimination and suggest that the EDS-PT, EDS-SM and EDS-GM are valid and reliable measures useful in research and clinical contexts.
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    Illness Stigma and Shame in People with Chronic Illnesses vs. SARS-CoV-2 Survivors: associations with psychological distress through psychological flexibility and self-compassion
    (Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy | Wiley, 2024-11-07) Berglund, Saga; Danielsson, Anna; Jakobsson Støre, Siri; Carreiras, Diogo; Carvalho, Sérgio A.; Blomqvist-Storm, Michaela; Pinto, Helena; Palmeira, Lara; Pereira, Marco; Trindade, Inês A.
    Individuals with chronic illnesses and those infected with SARS-CoV-2 often face stigma, shame, and psychological distress related to their conditions. Higher psychological flexibility and self-compassion are often associated with less stigma and shame. Examining and comparing these experiences between people with chronic illness and people who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 can provide valuable insights into the shared and unique challenges they encounter. This study aimed to compare these two groups, and used structural equation modelling to investigate the links between stigma, shame, and psychological distress, with a focus on the mediating roles of psychological flexibility and self-compassion in these associations. The study included 270 Portuguese participants (chronic illness: n = 104; SARS-CoV-2: n = 166), with an average age of 36.73 years and 86.6% of the sample being women. Results showed that the chronic illness subgroup reported higher levels of illness stigma, anxiety, and depression, compared to the SARS-CoV-2 subgroup. Findings from the mediation analysis, revealed that the model fit exceptionally well, accounting for 48% of the variance in anxiety and 45% in depression symptoms across the entire sample. Most parameters were consistent between the two subgroups, except for the association between self-compassion and depression symptoms, which was only statistically significant in the chronic illness subgroup. In this group, both psychological flexibility and self-compassion mediated the association between stigma and shame with symptoms of anxiety and depression. In the SARS-CoV-2 subgroup, these processes mediated the association with anxiety, whereas psychological flexibility only mediated depression symptoms. The findings from this study provide directions for future research on the possible development or refinement of personalized psychological interventions targeting emotional distress in adults with chronic illnesses and viral disease recovery cohorts.
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    Measuring Self-disgust in Adolescence: adaptation and validation of a new instrument for the Portuguese adolescent population
    (Taylor & Francis, 2023-06-02) Carreiras, Diogo; Guilherme, Mariana; Cunha, Marina; Castilho, Paula
    Self-disgust is a complex emotion related to feeling aversion or revulsion about internal and personal physical attributes, personality, functioning and behaviours. The aim of the present study was to adapt, validate and examine the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Self-Disgust Scale, in a sample of Portuguese adolescents (MSDS-A). Participants were 540 adolescents (n = 308females, 57%), with ages between 13 and 18 years. Data were analysed through SPSS and MPLUS was used to perform a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Self-report questionnaires were used to assess several indicators of psychopathology and self-compassion. Results from the CFA showed that a 4-factor model with a second order factor presented good fit indices. The full scale and its factors showed good internal consistency, adequate temporal stability, and good convergent, divergent and incremental validity. The MSDS-A seems a valid measure to assess self-disgust in adolescents, with important implications to clinical context and research.
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    Shame-Based Experiences of Homophobic Bullying and Mental Health: the mediating role of self-compassionate actions
    (MDPI, 2022-12-15) Seabra, Daniel; Gato, Jorge; Carreiras, Diogo; Petrocchi, Nicola; Salvador, Maria do Céu
    Homophobic experiences with traumatic characteristics related to shame are more frequent among sexual minority (SM) than heterosexual individuals. Concurrently, SM individuals present higher levels of psychopathology and transdiagnostic processes (e.g., shame) than heterosexual individuals. Self-compassion has been identified as a protective mechanism that counteracts the effects of shame. The current study aimed to analyse which components of self-compassion affect mental health and test the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between feelings of shame in traumatic homophobic bullying experiences (THBEs) and psychopathology indicators (depression, anxiety, and social anxiety symptoms). In this study, 190 Portuguese SM individuals (Mage = 28.3, SD = 7.5) completed self-report measures assessing traumatic experiences, self-compassion, and psychopathology. Data were explored with SPSS and AMOS. Regression analyses showed that internal shame felt during THBE and compassionate actions predicted psychopathology outcomes. Mediation analyses revealed that internal shame during a THBE had a significant indirect effect on all psychopathology outcomes through compassionate actions. In other words, internal shame during a THBEwassignificantlyassociated with depression, anxiety, and social anxiety, and these relationships were partially mediated by compassionate actions. Our results reinforce the importance of developing compassionate actions towards the self as a possible protective factor for psychopathology among SM individuals.
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    Validação da Versão Portuguesa da Escala de Vantagens e Desvantagens do Teletrabalho
    (Departamento de Investigação & Desenvolvimento do Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, 2025-12-31) Lemos, Laura; Sousa, Raquel; Azedo, Diana; Andrade, Diogo; Nogueira, Filipa Bento; Carreiras, Diogo; Tavares, Fernando
    Contexto e objetivo: O teletrabalho tem crescido de forma significativa, mas persistem lacunas na avaliação das suas vantagens e desvantagens. A ausência de instrumentos validados limita a compreensão dos impactos do trabalho remoto no bem-estar e na satisfação dos trabalhadores. O objetivo deste estudo foi validar a versão portuguesa da Escala de Vantagens e Desvantagens do Teletrabalho (Remote Working Benefits and Disadvantages Scale; RW-B&D). Métodos: Foram avaliados/as 133 trabalhadores/as, com idade média de 36,79 anos (DP = 10,35). A validade de conteúdo foi analisada por especialistas. A estrutura bifatorial foi testada através de análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) e a consistência interna foi estimada através do α de Cronbach. A validade de constructo foi examinada através de correlações com medidas de satisfação, conciliação trabalho–vida e indicadores de saúde psicológica. Resultados: A RW-B&D apresentou uma excelente compreensibilidade. A AFC confirmou a adequação do modelo bifatorial (CFI = 0,97; TLI = 0,96; RMSEA = 0,06; SRMR = 0,08). A consistência interna foi elevada (Vantagens: α = 0,91; Desvantagens: α = 0,86). As perceções de desvantagens associaram-se a menor satisfação com o teletrabalho e pior conciliação trabalho–vida, e a níveis mais elevados de cansaço/exaustão, afetividade negativa, ansiedade, fadiga, tecno-cepticismo e ineficácia. As perceções de vantagens associaram-se a maior satisfação e melhor conciliação trabalho–vida, e a níveis inferiores de tecno-cepticismo e fadiga. Conclusões: A versão portuguesa da RW-B&D demonstrou propriedades psicométricas adequadas para avaliar as perceções sobre o teletrabalho. | Background and objective: Telework has grown significantly, yet gaps remain in assessing benefits and drawbacks. The lack of validated instruments limits the understanding of how remote work impacts workers’ well-being and satisfaction. This study aimed to validate the Portuguese version of the Remote Working Benefits and Disadvantages Scale (RW-B&D). Method: One hundred and thirty-three workers were assessed, with a mean age of 36.79 years (SD = 10.35). Content validity was examined by experts. The two factor structure was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and internal consistency was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha. Construct validity was explored through correlations with measures of satisfaction, work–life balance and psychological health indicators. Results: The RW-B&D showed excellent comprehensibility. CFA supported the adequacy of the two-factor model (CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.06; SRMR = 0.08). Internal consistency was high (Benefits: α = .91; Drawbacks: α = .86). Perceived drawbacks were associated with lower telework satisfaction and poorer work–life balance, as well as higher levels of tiredness/exhaustion, negative affect, anxiety, fatigue, techno-skepticism, and inefficacy. Perceived benefits were associated with higher satisfaction and better work–life balance, and with lower levels of techno-skepticism and fatigue. Conclusions: The Portuguese version of the RW-B&D demonstrated adequate psychometric properties for assessing perceptions of telework.
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    What Stands between Self-disgust and Borderline Features? The need to cultivate self-compassion in adolescents from Portugal
    (Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra - FPCEUC, 2021-12-28) Carreiras, Diogo; Castilho, Paula; Cunha, Marina
    A Pertubação Borderline da Personalidade (PBP) é caracterizada por instabilidade emocional, relacionamentos intáveis, sentimentos de abandono e vazio, impulsividade e auto-dano. Uma auto-imagem instável é também uma característica borderline comum, muitas vezes marcada por auto-criticismo, auto-ódio e sentido de aversão direcionados a aspetos do eu. Considerando o percurso desenvolvimental da PBP, é essencial agir em idades precoces com adolescentes que denotam traços borderline crescentes e persistentes. Este estudo procurou testar o papel mediador da auto-compaixão na relação entre a auto-aversão e traços borderline em adolescentes portugueses. Os participantes foram 655 adolescentes (381 raparigas e 274 rapazes) com uma média de idade de 15.58 anos (DP = 1.51), que completaram questionários de autorresposta na escola. Os dados foram analizados através do SPSS e PROCESS Macro para realizar estatísticas descritivas, comparações, correlações e regressões. Os resultados mostraram que a autocompaixão mediou a relação entre a auto-aversão e os traços borderline. O modelo de mediação explicou 51% dos traços borderline e o género foi incluído como covariável, uma vez que as raparigas apresentaram maior auto-aversão e traços borderline e menor autocompaixão do que os rapazes. Estes resultados indicam que cultivar competências auto-compassivas em adolescentes pode ser um potencial mecanismo de regulação positivo para o efeito da auto-aversão nos traços borderline. / Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by emotional instability, unstable relationships, feelings of abandonment and emptiness, impulsivity, and self-harm. An unstable self-image is also a common borderline feature, often marked by self-criticism, self-hate and feeling of disgust towards aspects of the self. Considering the developmental path of BPD, it is essential to act at early ages with adolescents that show growing and persistent borderline features. The present study aimed to test the mediation role of self-compassion in the relationship between self-disgust and borderline features in Portuguese adolescents. Participants were 655 adolescents (381 girls and 274 boys) with an average of 15.58 years old (SD = 1.51), who completed self-report questionnaires at school. Data were analyzed through SPSS and PROCESS Macro to perform descriptive statistics, comparisons, correlations and regressions. Results showed that self-compassion mediated the relationship between self-disgust and borderline features. The mediation model explained 51% of borderline features and gender was used as a covariate, considering that girls exhibited higher self-disgust and borderline features, and lower self-compassion than boys. These findings indicate that cultivating self-compassion skills in adolescents could be a potential positive regulation mechanism for self-disgust’s effect on borderline features.