Percorrer por autor "Xavier, Ana Maria"

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    Early memories of positive emotions and its relationships to attachment styles, self-compassion and psychopathology in adolescence
    (European Psychiatric Association, 2014-04-06) Cunha, Marina; Martinho, Maria Inês; Xavier, Ana Maria; Espirito-Santo, Helena
    Introduction: Literature has shown that early childhood experiences, especially those related to feelings of threat or safeness play a key role in emotional and social subsequent development. Objectives: (1) examine the impact of early memories of warmth and safeness on quality of attachment in adolescents; (2) Explore the relationship between early positive memories, self-compassion and psychopathology (depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms); (3) Explore the relative contribution of emotional memories and self-compassion in the prediction of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Methods: 651 adolescents (330 boys, 50.7%) aged between 12 and 18 years (M = 15.89, SD = 1.99), completed the early memories of warmth and safeness scale (EMWSS), self-compassion scale (SCS), attachment questionnaire (AQ-C) and anxiety, depression and stress scales (DASS-21). Results: Memories of warmth and safeness showed negative moderate correlations with anxiety and depressive symptoms, and positive moderate association with self-compassion. Additionally, positive emotional memories in childhood revealed adequate discriminant validity for attachment style. Adolescents classified with a secure attachment style showed significantly more early memories of warmth and safeness than those teenagers with insecure attachment (ambivalent or avoidance). Early positive memories and self-compassion have a significant and an independent contribution on the prediction of anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescent community. Conclusions: The present study shows that the recall of emotional memories in childhood (e.g., feelings of warmth and safeness) is associated with self-compassion, as an emotion regulation process. So, these two variables may function as protective factors in the development of depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescence.
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    Exploratory Study of Risk-taking and Self-harm Behaviours in Adolescents: prevalence, characteristics and its relationship to attachment styles
    (European Psychiatric Association, 2013-04-06) Paiva, A C; Cunha, Marina; Xavier, Ana Maria; Marques, Mariana; Simões, Sónia; Espirito-Santo, Helena
    Introduction: Risk-taking (RT) and self-harm (SH) occur across the lifespan, but many types of RT and SH typically appear for the first time in adolescence. According to Vrouva, Fonagy, and Fearon (2010), it is important to measure RT and SH simultaneously because they are clinically, empirically, and conceptually linked. Objectives: (1) analyse the prevalence of risk-taking and self-harm behaviours in community adolescents, controlling the effect of gender and age; (2) examine the link between RT and SH behaviours; (3) investigate the relationship between attachment style and RT and SH behaviours. Methods: 346 adolescents (girls: n = 194, 56%) aged between 12 and 18 years (M = 15.10, SD = 1.77) completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Risk-Taking and Self-Harm Inventory for Adolescents (RTSHIA) and the Attachment Questionnaire for Children (AQ-C). Results: RT behaviours more prevalent are taking chances while doing one's hobbies, smoking tobacco and cheating. SH behaviours more frequent are self-demeaning thoughts and behaviours intentionally. Boys showed higher RT behaviours than girls. There is a positive association between age and both behaviours (RT and SH). Insecurely attached teenagers reported higher SH behaviours than did securely attached adolescents. Conclusions: This study shows the prevalence of RT and SH behaviours in a community sample of adolescents, showing how gender and age can influence the expression of both behaviors. It seems that secure attachment may be protective to the engagement in SH behaviors, strengthening the important role of quality of relationships on psychological adjustment in adolescents