Publicações Científicas de Psicologia
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- ItemUma abordagem longitudinal da contribuição do trauma e da vergonha nos sintomas depressivos em adolescentes(Departamento de Investigação & Desenvolvimento, 2018-10-01) Cunha, Marina; Almeida, Rute; Cherpe, Sónia; Simões, Sónia; Marques, MarianaContexto: A revisão da literatura sobre potenciais fatores preditores dos sintomas depressivos em adolescentes tem mostrado que as experiências traumáticas durante a infância, as experiências de vergonha e o género têm um contributo relevante. Objetivo: Pretende-se com o presente estudo observar a variabilidade intraindividual da vergonha, acontecimentos traumáticos e género e testar o poder preditivo destas variáveis a 6 meses na evolução de sintomas depressivos (variável dependente) em adolescentes. Método: A amostra foi constituída por 325 adolescentes, com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 18 anos, distribuídos pela zona centro de Portugal e a frequentar o 3.º ciclo do ensino básico e ensino secundário. Foram utilizados o Inventário de Depressão para Crianças, a Escala Breve de vergonha e o Questionário de Trauma na Infância para a avaliação das variáveis referidas. Os resultados longitudinais foram analisados através de uma análise de regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: Verificou-se uma associação positiva entre experiências relatadas como traumáticas e as perceções de vergonha (T1) e os sintomas depressivos (T2, após 6 meses). O modelo de regressão linear múltipla explicou 63% da variância dos sintomas depressivos no T2, podendo contemplar-se que a pertença ao género feminino, a experiência de sentimentos de vergonha e de acontecimentos percebidos como abuso afetivo, abuso sexual e de negligência emocional (variáveis do trauma) permitiram predizer sintomas depressivos na adolescência. Conclusão: Dado que existe alguma evidência do impacto de acontecimentos traumáticos do tipo abuso/negligência durante a infância e de perceções de vergonha, durante a adolescência no desenvolvimento de sintomas depressivos, será pertinente que estas variáveis sejam tidas em conta, quer na avaliação, quer nas intervenções psicoterapêuticas nesta etapa do desenvolvimento humano. Este estudo contribui para salientar o papel de fatores de vulnerabilidade para os sintomas depressivos na adolescência. / Background: The review of the literature on potential predictors of depressive symptoms has shown that traumatic experiences during childhood, experiences of shame, and gender have a relevant contribution. Aim: This study aimed to observe the intra-individual variability of shame, traumatic events, and gender and to test the predictive power of these variables in the evolution of depressive symptoms (dependent variable) at six months, in adolescents. Method: The sample consisted of 325 adolescents, aged between 12 and 18 years old, distributed in the center of Portugal and attending the secondary/high school. The Children's Depression Inventory, the Brief Scale of Shame, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were used to assess the listed variables. Longitudinal results were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results: There was a positive association between experiences reported as traumatic and perceptions of shame (T1) and depressive symptoms (T2, after six months). The multiple linear regression model explained 63% of the depressive symptoms’ variance at T2, and belonging to the female gender, the experience of shame and perceived events of emotional and sexual abuse, as emotional neglect (variables of the trauma) seems to predict depressive symptoms in adolescence. Conclusions: Given that there is some evidence of the impact of traumatic events of childhood abuse/neglect, and perceptions of shame during adolescence on the evolution of depressive symptoms, it is relevant that these variables are considered in the assessment and in the psychotherapeutic interventions at this stage of human development. This study contributes to highlight the role of vulnerability factors for the depressive symptoms in adolescence.
- ItemSelective attention and cognitive decline in institutionalized elderly(European Psychiatric Association, 2013) Almeida, Rute; Marques, Mariana; Espirito-Santo, Helena; Moitinho, Sara; Vigário, Vanessa; Pena, Inês; Matreno, Joana; Rodrigues, Fátima; Antunes, Eliana; Simões, Diana; Costa, André; Correia, Ana Raquel; Pimentel, Ana Sofia; Alves, Vitor; Nascimento, Tirsa; Costa, Marlene; Tomaz, Marisa; Caldas, Luisa; Ferreira, Libânia; Simões, Sónia; Guadalupe, Sónia; Lemos, Laura; Daniel, FernandaIntroduction When cognitive decline (CD) is present, attention is one of the impaired mental functions. CD is also associated with anxious/depressive symptoms and with some demographic variables, particularly, age. Objectives Investigate the associations between selective attention (Stroop Test: Stroop_Word, Stroop_Color, Difference between Stroop_Word and Stroop_Color, Stroop Ratio_Word, Stroop Ratio_Color and Difference between Stroop Ratio_Word and Stroop Ratio_ Color) and CD (Montreal Cognitive Assessment/MoCA) in institutionalized elders; explore the predictive value of Stroop variables for CD, controlling anxious/depressive symptoms and sociodemographic variables. Methods 140 institutionalized elders (mean age, M =78.4, SD =7.48, range =60-97) voluntarily answered to sociodemographic questions, the MoCA, the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory/GAI, the Geriatric Depression Scale/GDS and Stroop test. Results 73 elders (52, 1%) had CD. Dichotomized MoCA was associated with Stroop_Word, Stroop_Color, Stroop Ratio_Word, Stroop Ratio_Color, GDS and the sociodemographic variable schooling × profession. Age and education were not tested, since MoCA was stratified according to those variables. GDS, Stroop Ratio_Word and Stroop Ratio_Color showed to predict CD. Conclusions There was an association between Stroop_Word, Stroop_Color, Stroop Ratio_Word and Stroop Ratio_Color and CD, confirming that selective attention is smaller when the elderly reveal CD. GDS and CD were, also, associated. However, there was no association between MoCA dichotomized and differences between the correct answers (Stroop_Word and Stroop_Color) and Ratios (Stroop Ratio_Word and Stroop Ratio_Color). Selective attention and depressive symptoms predicted CD. It would be important to intervene through cognitive rehabilitation with the elders to improve their attention.
- ItemVerbal fluencies associated factors in elderly(European Psychiatric Association, 2013) Caldas, Luisa; Espirito-Santo, Helena; Matreno, Joana; Marques, Mariana; Pena, Inês; Costa, Marlene; Costa, André; Simões, Diana; Conde, Ângela; Correia, Ana Raquel; Almeida, Rute; Moitinho, Sara; Rodrigues, Fátima; Simões, Sónia; Lemos, Laura; Daniel, FernandaVerbal fluency (VF) involves complex processes and has been a good marker of cognitive decline. However, the literature is inconsistent concerning to witch factors are associated with VF. Our aims are to analyze the relationship between both phonemic verbal fluency (PVF) and semantic verbal fluency (SVF) and sociodemographic and psychopathological variables, and explore which emerge as significant predictors. A subsample of 429 of healthy institutionalized elderly from the Aging Trajectories at Coimbra Council Project were surveyed (60 to 100 years; mean age = 80.38 ± 7.24), the majority was women (76.9%), without a partner (82.2%), without education or with less than four years of education (85.7%), manual occupation (90.1%), and attending day care centers. We evaluated VF phonetically (letters P, M, R) and semantically (animals and food), anxiety symptoms through the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), depressive symptoms through Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and feelings of loneliness through Loneliness Scale (UCLA). PVF was significantly related with education, occupation, GAI, and GDS. SVF was significantly associated with age, education, occupation, and GDS. Furthermore, SVF scores were worse in elderly men and in those living in night care center, and PVF scores were lower in those with high levels of anxiety symptomatology. In logistic regression analysis none of the variables accounted for the variance in PVF. The only predictor of SVF was sex. In conclusion, this study allowed us to elucidate the only key factor underlying verbal fluency. Being a man may affect SVF performance in institutionalized elderly.