Publicações Científicas de Psicologia
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- ItemAnsiedade, Depressão e Stress em Estudantes Universitários Deslocados da sua Residência(Departamento de Investigação & Desenvolvimento do ISMT, 2024-11-30) Massano-Cardoso, Ilda; Figueiredo, Sofia; Galhardo, AnaContexto: Os estudantes universitários enfrentam processos de adaptação, sobretudo quando deslocados, o que pode resultar em dificuldades emocionais. Objetivos: O estudo visou descrever as condições de alojamento destes estudantes; comparar os níveis de ansiedade, depressão e stress em função de variáveis sociodemográficas e em relação à população geral; examinar associações entre variáveis sociodemográficas e os sintomas emocionais negativos; explorar diferenças nestes sintomas em função da dificuldade em encontrar alojamento e custos habitacionais. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 163 estudantes que preencheram um Questionário Sociodemográfico, o Questionário Sobre as Condições de Alojamento e as Escalas de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stress (EADS-21). A amostra foi não probabilística, obtida por amostragem snowball. Resultados: As mulheres reportaram níveis mais elevados de ansiedade (t(161) = 2,02; p = 0,045) e stress (t(161) = 2,77; p = 0,006), mas não de depressão (t(161) = 0,68; p = 0,497). Os estudantes deslocados apresentaram valores superiores nos sintomas emocionais negativos (EADS-21) comparativamente à população portuguesa (t(161) = 3,23; p < 0,001; t(160) = 5,76; p < 0,001; t(161) = 3,25; p < 0,001, respetivamente). Não se verificaram diferenças nos sintomas em função da dificuldade em conseguir alojamento ou dos custos habitacionais. Conclusões: Os estudantes deslocados evidenciaram significativamente mais sintomas emocionais negativos que a população geral, o que remete para a relevância de desenvolver medidas de apoio psicológico para este grupo. | Background: University students face adaptation processes, particularly when displaced, which may lead to emotional difficulties. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the housing conditions of these students; compare levels of anxiety, depression, and stress based on sociodemographic variables and in relation to the general population; examine associations between sociodemographic variables and negative emotional symptoms; and explore differences in these symptoms according to the difficulty in finding housing and housing costs. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 163 students who completed a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Housing Conditions Questionnaire, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21). The sample was non-probabilistic, obtained through snowball sampling. Results: Women showed higher levels of anxiety (t(161) = 2.02; p= .045), and stress (t(161) = 2.77; p= .006) but not depression (t(161)= 0.68; p= .497). Displaced students reported more negative emotional symptoms (DASS-21) compared to the Portuguese population (t(161)= 3.23; p< .001; t(160) = 5.76; p< .001; t(161) = 3.25; p< .001,respectively). No differences were found in these symptoms based on the difficulty of finding housing or housing costs. Conclusions: Displaced students showed significantly more negative emotional symptoms than the general population, highlighting the importance of developing psychological support measures for this group.
- ItemIllness Stigma and Shame in People with Chronic Illnesses vs. SARS-CoV-2 Survivors: associations with psychological distress through psychological flexibility and self-compassion(Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy | Wiley, 2024-11-07) Berglund, Saga; Danielsson, Anna; Jakobsson Støre, Siri; Carreiras, Diogo; Carvalho, Sérgio A.; Blomqvist-Storm, Michaela; Pinto, Helena; Palmeira, Lara; Pereira, Marco; Trindade, Inês A.Individuals with chronic illnesses and those infected with SARS-CoV-2 often face stigma, shame, and psychological distress related to their conditions. Higher psychological flexibility and self-compassion are often associated with less stigma and shame. Examining and comparing these experiences between people with chronic illness and people who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 can provide valuable insights into the shared and unique challenges they encounter. This study aimed to compare these two groups, and used structural equation modelling to investigate the links between stigma, shame, and psychological distress, with a focus on the mediating roles of psychological flexibility and self-compassion in these associations. The study included 270 Portuguese participants (chronic illness: n = 104; SARS-CoV-2: n = 166), with an average age of 36.73 years and 86.6% of the sample being women. Results showed that the chronic illness subgroup reported higher levels of illness stigma, anxiety, and depression, compared to the SARS-CoV-2 subgroup. Findings from the mediation analysis, revealed that the model fit exceptionally well, accounting for 48% of the variance in anxiety and 45% in depression symptoms across the entire sample. Most parameters were consistent between the two subgroups, except for the association between self-compassion and depression symptoms, which was only statistically significant in the chronic illness subgroup. In this group, both psychological flexibility and self-compassion mediated the association between stigma and shame with symptoms of anxiety and depression. In the SARS-CoV-2 subgroup, these processes mediated the association with anxiety, whereas psychological flexibility only mediated depression symptoms. The findings from this study provide directions for future research on the possible development or refinement of personalized psychological interventions targeting emotional distress in adults with chronic illnesses and viral disease recovery cohorts.
- ItemExploring the Need for Fertility Education: a cross-sectional study of healthcare professionals and students' knowledge of fertility and fertility preservation(SIPISS - Italian Society for Psychotherapy, Interdisciplinary Health and Social Development, 2024-06) Galhardo, Ana; Salvado, Catarina; Moniz, Soraia; Cunha, Marina; Massano-Cardoso, IldaIntroduction: Increasing attention has been directed toward fertility and fertility preservation (both for medical and non-medical reasons) worldwide. Nevertheless, previous studies have reported a lack of fertility awareness in the general population, healthcare providers, and medical students. This study aimed to explore health professionals’ and students’ fertility knowledge, fertility preservation knowledge and attitudes, and interest in accessing more information. Methods: The sample consisted of 309 participants (214 students; 95 professionals) from medicine, nursing, and psychology. Participants completed an online questionnaire addressing knowledge about fertility and fertility preservation, attitudes towards fertility preservation, and interest in receiving more information. Results: Most participants were aware of the infertility definition and prevalence, but 41.2% of students and 37.9% of professionals needed to recognize that men's age may also impact fertility. Concerning in vitro fertilization (IVF) success rates, 38.3% of students and 35.8% of professionals underestimated the IVF success rates, whereas 33.2% and 27.8%, respectively, overestimated these rates. Participants' answers regarding factors affecting fertility showed that more than half of the participants, more than half of the students (54.6%), and the professionals (60%) overestimated the age of women’s fertility decline. Oocyte cryopreservation was the fertility preservation option they knew best. Health professionals and students mostly agreed that providing fertility preservation information should be part of regular healthcare and mentioned that receiving information about fertility preservation would be helpful. Professionals revealed higher knowledge when compared to students. Conclusions: Overall, despite having some information, professionals and students still lack sufficient knowledge to support their patients. These results highlight the relevance of designing training and information opportunities to enhance knowledge on the topics of fertility awareness and fertility preservation.
- ItemThe Flows of Compassion in Adolescents as Measured by the Compassionate Engagement and Action Scales(Springer, 2021-07-23) Cunha, Marina; Galhardo, Ana; Gilbert, Paul; Rodrigues, Cátia; Matos, MarcelaThe development of self-report instruments assessing the different facets of compassion adapted for different age groups is crucial for research and clinical practice. This study examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of the adaptation to adolescents of the Compassionate Engagement and Action Scales (CEAS-A) in a sample of 674 Portuguese adolescents. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the factor structure of the CEAS-A was similar to the one found in the adults’ version, with higher-order factor models encompassing two first/s-order factors in each scale (Engagement and Actions). The CEAS-A revealed good construct validity, reliability, and temporal stability. Gender differences were found in Self-compassion and Compassion for Other scales. Path analysis results indicated that self-criticism had a direct negative impact on adolescents’ life satisfaction, whereas the impact of self-reassurance on life satisfaction was partially mediated by self-compassion and compassion from others. The CEAS-A is the first self-report instrument that allows for the assessment of the three different flows of compassion in adolescents and may be an important and useful tool for research and clinical practice.
- ItemChildlessness, Personal Social Networks and Wellbeing at Advanced Ages: a cross-sectional study in a Southern European familistic welfare state(Cambridge University Press, 2022-04-22) Vicente, Henrique Testa; Guadalupe, SóniaDuring the past decades, childless old age has attracted a considerable amount of scholarly interest. However, few studies address this phenomenon in Southern European familistic welfare states, where there is a pervading expectation that family members, especially spouses and children, care for their older relatives. The present cross-sectional study aims to analyse the relationship between childlessness, social networks and wellbeing in a sample of 612 Portuguese individuals aged 65 and over, comprising two sub-samples: parents (N = 540) and childless (N = 72). Data were collected through a research protocol that included a sociodemographic questionnaire, a personal social network assessment inventory, and several validated psychometric measures of psychological wellbeing focusing on mental health, loneliness, depression and satisfaction with life. Childless older adults' social networks are smaller but more diverse, including a more significant proportion of friends and neighbours. No differences were found in perceived support from significant others, but network reciprocity was lower among non-parents. The childless subsample also reported more feelings of loneliness and less life satisfaction, but regression analysis showed that parenthood status, per se, is not significantly related to any outcome measures. Besides the central role of sociodemographic characteristics and personal functioning measures in explaining psychological wellbeing variance, several network factors were also identified as influential predictors. Implications for micro-level network intervention and macro-level social policy making are discussed.